1939

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(Oskar Fried - Mostly forgotten today - but did introduce Mahler to Russia)

Since everyone is more than familiar with The Nutracker Suite (not to mention hearing it adnauseum during the holidays), I thought I would offer two historic recordings of the same work. One by the legendary, but largely forgotten conductor Oskar Fried and the other by the more well-known-but-getting-obscure-by-the-minute Paul van Kempen. Both were conductors who were well established in their day and whose recordings have been sought after by collectors for years.

First up, a 1927 (early electric so it could be 1926) recording featuring Oskar Fried and the Berlin State Opera. I believe one of the first recordings of the Nutcracker done by the electrical method. And the second, a 1939 recording featuring the Dresden Philharmonic conducted by Paul van Kempen. Both recordings were made for the Deutsche Grammophon (Polydor) company. The Fried was issued in the States on the Brunwick label and the van Kempen was probably not issued overseas as war broke out shortly after the recording was made.

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(Paul van Kempen - less obscure but no less collectable)

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Two recordings with two different points of view - both from the 78 rpm period.

Enjoy and don't forget to hit the "donate" button at the bottom. Pennies, nickels and dimes are welcome. We slaved for hours over these things. . . sort of.



Fear Mongers Past - Martin Dies - 1939

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(Martin Dies, 1939 - managed to take the lunatic fringe to the lunatic edge)

A few months ago I ran a piece on Martin Dies, and his infamous Dies Committee for Un-American Activities. An earlier incarnation of Joe McCarthy, Dies also managed to slide off the rails with vicious accusations and wild innuendos about people in and around power. Famously fabricating lists of "known communists", many of whom did not exist.

But just before World War 2, paranoia was rife. We were dangling on the precipice of getting involved. The war had already started by the time this address was given on October 27, 1939 and fear of being overtaken by some evil foreign entity was running rampant in the newspapers on the radio and on Capitol Hill.

So Dies took up the crusade, cloaking himself in Americanism and preaching the gospel of fear, whipping people into a state of frenzy.

Martin Dies: “These enemies within our country are not easily exposed, it is most difficult to expose fearlessly and without partisanship the termites who have ceaselessly gnawed at the pillars of this republic, because there are those who would like for us to be partisan when the question is involved. I said in the beginning of this investigation that I was determined it would be conducted without fear and without favor and that I would not hesitate to expose any man, whether he’s a Democrat or he’s a Republican. Whether he’s a New Dealer or an anti-New Dealer. Whether he works in the government or whether he’s working in industry. Only on that basis can I reconcile my attitude with my conscience. If the time has come when in the interest of political expediency and in behest to demands of party leadership I must qualify my conscience, I’ll surrender my commission and go back to private life. At least with my honor unimpaired.”

Clearly, fear and paranoia haven't gone out of fashion. And the practitioners of that fear will probably never go broke perpetuating it. The times change, the situations change, the enemies change. But the fear hate and mistrust, then as now, are all the same.

Comforting, isn't it?


When Unemployment Insurance Was New - 1939

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(Sen. James F. Byrnes - From Supreme Court to Secretary of State)

As the unemployment numbers keep creeping up, it's interesting to take a look at a similar situation 70 years ago, when Unemployment Compensation was a new thing (since 1935) and had it's detractors. There really were people who felt it wasn't the governments responsibility to take care of the unemployed - as there no doubt are now. Future Supreme Court Justice and later Secretary of State James F. Byrnes - on February 27, 1939 as Senator from South Carolina, addressed a radio audience to explain just what this unemployment compensation thing was all about.

Sen. Byrnes: “Unemployment assistance by government is not a new question. As early as 1894, ex-President Benjamin Harrison demanded that the federal government set up a work program to fight unemployment. In 1921 at the instance of Mister Hoover, then Secretary of Commerce, a conference on unemployment was held in Washington. Bills were introduced in the Congress but nothing was accomplished. Improved business conditions lessen the demand for Federal legislation. But from time to time during the years that followed, bills on the subject were introduced in the Congress. In 1929, our so-called ‘boom year’, the national income was eighty billion dollars. And yet, we had three million unemployed. With that national income today the number of unemployed would be greater than in 1929 because of the technicalogical changes. And the levying of a payroll tax tends to encourage these changes because the tax levied is upon workers and not upon machines.”

Seventy years later, it's still going. And they're still trying to cut the benefits.


September 17, 1939

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(As of September 17, there was no more Poland)

(Apologies for the delay in posts) September 17, 1939 signified the end of Poland as it was a month earlier. The reports from Warsaw were not encouraging and there was plenty of blame to go around.

But at this particular moment, things were not looking up for any satisfactory conclusion to the conflict.

John Gunther (Reporting from London): “This has been a hard day today, a bad day. We’ve seen something very terrible to watch. The death of a free country. The death of a nation. Poland was killed today. In effect, assassinated. For the fourth time in its unhappy history, Poland has been partitioned. . . . .for all intents and purposes the Poland we have known these past 20 years has ceased to be.”

And it would just get worse.


September 4, 1939

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(Sinking of the SS Athenia - just couldn't wait for the shooting to start)

With Britain's declaration of war less than 24 hours old, Germany already set the stage for upcoming events with the sinking of a British passenger ship, the SS Athenia.

BBC Newsreader: “It is not yet known how many lives were lost when the British liner Athenia was torpedoed today without warning in the Atlantic. The Athenia was bound for Montreal from Glasgow with one thousand four hundred passengers. All, except those killed by the explosion, took to the boats and were picked up by various ships. Four hundred and thirty survivors are reported to be on their way to Galway in the Norwegian steamer Knute Nielsen. They are due to arrive tomorrow. It is officially stated in London that this attack, without warning, was in deliberate disregard of the declaration made voluntarily by Germany when she signed the London Navel Treaty in 1930. Germany then renounced, of her own free will, the right to make use of unrestricted submarine warfare in any future campaign. The rules which Germany then undertook to observe, were clearly laid down that no merchant ship may be sunk without warning, or until the safety of all passengers and crew have been assured. Ships boats are not to be considered in a place of safety, unless they are within half an hours rowing to land under favorable conditions. The Athenia was torpedoed two hundred miles from land.”

Things were abundantly clear this was not going to be a conventional war. Not by a long shot.


September 3, 1939

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(Neville Chamberlain - Peace In Our Time an ironic, faded echo)

(Apologies for not posting this yesterday. Living in Southern California during the Heat and Fire season makes for optional breathing and migraines - both which came in ample supply yesterday)

With Berlin's rejection of Britain's "White Paper", calling for an end to Germany's invasion of Poland and a restoration of Versailles Treaty provisions at the end of World War 1, it was clear Prime Minister Chamberlain had no alternative other than to declare War on Germany - setting the stage for a conflict few thought would be avoided, yet none wanted to face. It was a crushing defeat for the Chamberlain Government and raised an alarming thought that Britain may not be able to survive.

Prime Minister Chamberlain: “This morning, the British Ambassador in Berlin handed the German government a final note stating that, unless we heard from them by eleven o’clock, that they were prepared at once to withdraw their troops from Poland, a state of war would exist between us. I have to tell you now that no such undertaking has been received. And that consequently, this country is at War with Germany.”

This clip starts with Berlin Radio reacting to the Chamberlain note, followed by Chamberlain declaring War and then ending with a recap from Berlin Radio.


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(Father Charles Coughlin - one of the originators of "you're either for us or against us")

When I first began Newstalgia, I ran an entry called "Father Coughlin - the Grandfather of Hate Radio". At the time, I was only able to run a 10 minute clip from one of his talks. It gave a glimpse, but not a complete idea of just what all the controversy surrounding Father Coughlin was all about.

Charles Coughlin was no doubt the first, at least on a national scale, to use radio as an instrument of extremist ideology. Much of what is going on now in reference to the current state of Hate Radio can be attributed almost directly to the weekly tirades and rants of Father Coughlin over 70 years ago.

But in readying this entry, and playing back this broadcast of August 27, 1939, I noticed Coughlin wasn't alone in his shrillness - he had a warm up act.

Dr. Edward Lodge Curran - or Father Curran often used the first half hour of the one hour broadcast to showcase his particular rants, as is evidenced by this harangue of the Cincinnati School Board.

Father Curran: “Every effort was made by the leftist forces, who claimed the right to Freedom of Speech for themselves, but who deny it to others. Seventy-two hours before the meeting, all the efforts of the splendid Cincinnati committee and sponsors had almost dwindled to idle gestures. A Mr. Von Schlichten, a teacher in one of the Cincinnati schools had accepted the invitation to act as Chairman. Mr. Henry Siegal, editor of The American Israelite, promptly complained to the school board. The school board held a secret meeting. And at that meeting, the pedagogical wisdom of withdrawing as Chairman was impressed quite contritely upon Mr. Von Schlichten. And Mr. Von Schlichten, in free, democratic 20th Century America, was forced to withdraw. This is the same Cincinnati School Board, which has permitted the Communists to make use of Woodward High School. This is the same Cincinnati School Board which has never presumed to reprimand any of its other employees who have participated in the activities of the Communistically mind and Communistically controlled American League For Peace and Democracy.”

Curran, it should be noted, ran somewhat afoul of the America First Committee and appears to have dropped out of the history books of extremism. He does, however pop up as the author of "Great Moments Of Catholic History". The wonders never cease.

As for Coughlin - well, his rants are legendary.

Father Coughlin: “I believe that I am on safe ground in affirming that the World War was fought for commercial domination and not for the preservation of Democracy. I believe that I am on the side of truth when I say that the Peace Treaty of Versailles was nothing more than a document of hatred. Defies in a mad attempt to resolve the evils of International Capitalism. And I believe that, although Communism of Russia was in part a rebellion against the system of International Capitalism. Nevertheless it was an insane rebellion, because it fought not only the persecutors of the poor, but the principles of right-reason and the outraged Christ who loves the poor.”


September 2, 1939

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(September 2nd - The Poles weren't going to take it lying down)

The invasion of Poland was already a day old. Despite continued efforts to bring the conflict to a close, it was already too late. Great Britain handed Germany the infamous "white paper" and time was about to run out for an answer.

The radio was going into overtime reporting the conflict. BBC ran regular news, while Radio Berlin continued to deny they were acting in anything other than defense.

The series of recordings in this entry begin with the BBC and then followed by French Radio and Radio Warsaw. The French and Polish broadcasts are dim and hard to hear, but have been included because of their historic interest. The last segment is Radio Berlin.

Radio Warsaw Newsreader: “The general atmosphere is that of calm resolve to go through this experience (-----) no matter how long it will take. The general opinion of those everywhere is that odds are against Germany in this war.”


September 1, 1939

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(And so it all starts)

In the dawn hours of September 1, 1939, the German army and air force launched a full-scale invasion of Poland. Radio Warsaw was quick to tell the world what was happening. And Radio Berlin was quick to deny it and claim it was all Poland's fault.

Radio Warsaw newsreader: “On the first of September 1939 at dawn the Germans crossed into our territory. German air force and regular army unexpectedly invaded Polish territory without a declaration of hostilities. In the early morning the German air crews attacked a number of towns all over Poland . . . .casualties have been reported among the civilian population.”

Berlin Radio newsreader: “These reports assert that German air planes have dropped gas and incendiary bombs in the vicinity of Poznan. For the sake of history however, the fact must be nailed down that the numerous border incidents in Silesia and East Prussia, and especially the Polish bombardment of Voyten created a situation which made it incompatible with the . . . power to let that series of military transgressions go by unpunished. Germany’s action is an act of defense.”

Soon after the BBC went on the air, reporting at length what was going on.

The war, nonetheless, had started.


August 31, 1939

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(Berlin - chafing at the bit for the catastrophe to start)

The last diplomatic gestures exhausted, and Germany issuing a sixteen point list of demands for Poland, the evacuation from major cities of children and invalids began, with an estimated 3 million slated to evacuate London alone.

BBC Newsreader: “The German wireless tonight issued a sixteen point program, which it described as Germany’s reply to the latest British note. At what stage this sixteen point plan was advanced is not at present clear, because as of a short time ago it was known that the German government had sent to London no official reply to the note which was received in Berlin last night. Nor had Poland sent any reply to a British note informing her of the previous communication from Herr Hitler. Germany demanded One: that the free city of Danzig, on account of its purely German character and the unanimous will of its population, should return to the Reich unconditionally and forthwith. Two: that the corridor shall decide itself whether it shall belong to Germany or to Poland, and for this purpose a plebiscite shall be held. Three: That all Germans and Poles who have been resident in the corridor since the first of January 1918, or have been born there shall be entitled to vote in the plebiscite, and that all Germans who have been expelled from the corridor, or were forced to leave, shall return there in order to cast their votes.”

A list of impossible demands, making it clear that Germany was determined to go to war and invade Poland as quickly as possible. August 31st would be the last good day in Europe for a while.


August 30, 1939

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(German Troops heading to the Polish frontier - waiting to see who blinks first)

As the precautions continue via radio broadcasts from Warsaw, Berlin and Rome, the crisis is at a point where the start of shooting is a matter of hours or minutes, no longer days, away.

Radio Warsaw newsreader: “The following official communiqué has been issued today – several months ago Germany started an aggressive policy against Poland. The anti-Polish press campaign with threatening features against the leading statesmen in Germany, the systematic provocations of frontier incidents, and finally the growing concentration of armed forces mobilized at the Polish frontier. All that constitutes an obvious truth of Germany aggressive policies”.

The propaganda war had no intention of letting up though.


August 29, 1939

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(First up - The Army of Refugees)

August 29, 1939 - saber rattling, accusations, border violations, last minute diplomacy. Evacuations and precautions. Beyond the war of nerves.

The news of August 29 as presented first by Radio Berlin and second by the EIAR World Service of Rome. Playing the victim card.


August 28, 1939

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(In Warsaw an eerie and perplexing calm)

As diplomatic attempts kept going up to the eleventh hour, preparations were being made for the eventuality of war.

The news was filled with precaution and speculation. The broadcasts on this entry start with BBC World Service news, followed by a report from commentator Arthur Mann for Mutual and then Sigrid Schultz reporting from Berlin and finally a newscast from the North American service of Radio Berlin.

As it happened on August 28, 1939.


August 27, 1939

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(The Waiting Game)

As the threat of war became increasingly inevitable, the evacuations started, the recall of ambassadors and non-essential personnel, packing and going home. Waiting for the next shoe to drop.

The BBC World service reported the goings on during the day of August 27, 1939.

BBC Newsreader: “Railway traffic in Germany is to be still further restricted, and in future the railways will not undertake to carry any private passengers. The German Traffic Minister in a broadcast said that this step is being taken to avoid the serious delay in bringing food to the big cities. In some places the delay is leading to great disorganization. Germany has assured Denmark and Lithuania that she will respect their neutrality.”

Nobody blinked.


August 26, 1939

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(Days from the Abyss)

August 26, 1939 - seventy years ago this week, Germany had just signed a mutual non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union and Poland had just signed an mutual alliance pact with Great Britain. The set up for a state of war was already in place.

Germany had been staging raids on border check-points for several days previous. But the attacks were stepping up.

Here is an English language shortwave broadcast from Radio Warsaw on August 26, 1939, outlining the aggression.

Newsreader: “The aggressive activities of Germany, which in the last days were only sporadic, multiplied today. At midnight a German gang at the frontier of Silesia crossed to Poland and opened fire on the frontier post Krival, throwing four hand grenades. Later on, three other assaults of that kind happened along the Silesian frontier in the Ribeni district. Gangs of thirty to one hundred men were shooting at frontier posts Balentita, Tzumina and Dworowitza. At Tsmunina, fifty men were shooting to the frontier post from behind the German frontier and were protected by a range of military machine guns which did not shoot.”

In a matter of days a shooting war would start that turn into World War 2.